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The private equity industry is large, international and opaque
06/02/2025 -From an international standpoint, the Swedish private equity industry is notable for having relatively large private equity firms that manage capital from international investors. Analysis in a new Staff Memo shows that the private equity...
Margins are central to manage counterparty risks, but can create liquidity risks
15/05/2025 -Margin is a key tool for managing counterparty risk in transactions involving derivative contracts. The use of margins and clearing at central counterparties (CCPs) are important keys to reducing contagion risks among derivatives market...
Instant payments contribute to innovation and efficiency – how to manage risks to boost development
20/05/2025 -Consumers have become accustomed to instant payments and expect to be able to make transactions quickly and securely. The benefits of instant payments are many. For instance, they contribute to increased innovation and efficiency in the payments...
Does inflation rise when the policy rate is raised?
12/01/2024 -Although there is broad consensus that inflation falls when the central bank raises its policy rate, there are mechanisms and channels that may lead to the opposite effect. For example, interest rates also represent a cost for households and...
New Staff Memo: SWESTR’s design is robust
23/05/2023 -Compared to the current design of SWESTR, a number of alternative designs have a very small impact on the average level and volatility of the reference rate. This is indicated by the analysis in a new Staff Memo by David Petersson and Ingrid...
Banks’ profitability exceeds the market’s required return
11/06/2026 -The major Swedish banks have had strong earnings in relation to the risk that the equity market considers their operations to entail. This is shown in a new analysis that examines banks’ profitability in relation to an estimated market-based...
Staff Memo: Effects of monetary policy in small open economies
01/06/2026 -Inflation targeting has now been conducted in many small open economies, such as Sweden’s, for around three decades. A new staff memo analyses the impact of monetary policy on GDP, unemployment, inflation and exchange rates in ten countries with...
A newly developed approach to stress testing banks’ credit losses from corporate lending
14/11/2022 -Stress tests are important when assessing the resilience of Swedish banks to different scenarios in which economic conditions deteriorate. A new Staff Memo describes a newly developed approach to stress testing banks' credit losses from...
A central bank can conduct an effective monetary policy with low equity
12/12/2022 -Neither weak financial results nor low equity limit the short-term prospects of monetary policy. Central banks, unlike private banks and other commercial activities, are not at risk of bankruptcy and can normally generate the resources they need...
High and rising financial vulnerabilities can have an impact on future economic growth
07/06/2022 -High and rapidly rising financial risks and vulnerabilities pose a greater risk of strongly negative economic growth in the future. This is illustrated by the Riksbank’s latest analysis of the Growth-at-Risk (GaR) risk measure. The Staff Memo “...