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The negative policy rate – how has it affected market rates?
22/01/2019 -The negative policy rate has had a strong pass-through to bond market yields and lending rates to firms. Lending rates to households have also fallen, although the initial pass-through was weaker. To sum up, negative policy rates have contributed...
Changes in credit assessments may amplify economic fluctuations
12/06/2024 -When a lender conducts a credit assessment, it involves evaluating a borrower's ability to service a new loan. In a new staff memo, simple calculations show that changes in credit assessment components can have a significant impact on...
Does inflation rise when the policy rate is raised?
12/01/2024 -Although there is broad consensus that inflation falls when the central bank raises its policy rate, there are mechanisms and channels that may lead to the opposite effect. For example, interest rates also represent a cost for households and...
A newly developed approach to stress testing banks’ credit losses from corporate lending
14/11/2022 -Stress tests are important when assessing the resilience of Swedish banks to different scenarios in which economic conditions deteriorate. A new Staff Memo describes a newly developed approach to stress testing banks' credit losses from...
Better forecasting with AI-based models
02/04/2025 -AI-based models outperform traditional time series models in forecasting Swedish GDP and inflation. This is according to a survey conducted by economists at the Riksbank's Monetary Policy Department.
The private equity industry is large, international and opaque
06/02/2025 -From an international standpoint, the Swedish private equity industry is notable for having relatively large private equity firms that manage capital from international investors. Analysis in a new Staff Memo shows that the private equity...
New Staff Memo: Buy now, pay later – a threat to financial stability?
05/09/2023 -Buy now, pay later (BNPL) is a payment option that has grown significantly in recent years. Nanna Svahn, senior economist at the Financial Stability Department, has therefore analysed the potential threats to financial stability posed by the...
Major companies behind growing foreign trade in services
25/03/2025 -Swedish exports and imports of services have steadily increased as a share of GDP in recent decades. Moreover, the growth rate has accelerated and risen sharply since 2019. A small number of multinational companies are behind the development.
Sharp rise in number of borrowers among older people
20/03/2018 -The average debt-to-income ratio of households increased from 289 to 311 per cent between 2010 and 2016. During the same period, the median debt-to-income ratio rose from 221 to 258 per cent. The number of people aged around 35 who borrow – the...
Zombie firms in Sweden do not constitute a threat to either financial stability or economic growth
29/09/2020 -In most developed countries, there has been an increase in economically weak companies, known as “zombie firms”. Cristina Cella has studied Swedish zombie firms. Her analysis shows that zombie firms have not increased dramatically in Sweden over...