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How the Riksbank's asset purchases during the pandemic affected various financial prices
11/03/2022 -The Riksbank’s asset purchases during the pandemic contributed to more expansionary financial conditions via lower yields, in particular on municipal bonds and covered bonds, a somewhat weaker krona and slightly higher equity prices. This is...
Major companies behind growing foreign trade in services
25/03/2025 -Swedish exports and imports of services have steadily increased as a share of GDP in recent decades. Moreover, the growth rate has accelerated and risen sharply since 2019. A small number of multinational companies are behind the development.
The cost of cross-border payments is not in line with G20 targets
27/02/2025 -The G20 has set a target that cross-border payments should cost a maximum of 1 per cent and 3 per cent depending on the type of payment made. The cross-border payments currently offered by the major Swedish banks cost considerably more than this...
Staff Memo: The problems with an ageing population can have a greater impact on forecasts
19/02/2025 -Ageing populations will hold back economic growth in many countries in the coming decades - Sweden is no exception. Demographics are already a factor in the Riksbank's forecasting, but major changes are now expected in a relatively short time.
Riksbank bond purchases also lower short-term interest rates
16/12/2021 -A stated objective of central bank bond purchases is to lower long-term interest rates. The government bond purchases of the Swedish central bank, the Riksbank, have, however, also lowered interest rates for short-term holding periods. These...
Staff Memo: Monetary-fiscal interactions when Ricardian equivalence fails
20/04/2026 -When Ricardian equivalence applies, the interaction between monetary and fiscal policy is limited. However, when the equivalence is broken, for example due to household liquidity constraints or fiscal dominance, a clear pattern emerges. Supply...
Geopolitical risk affected the banks’ lending
30/06/2026 -Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Swedish banks increased their lending to companies. At the same time, lending was redirected away from energy-intensive and financially weak companies. Furthermore, banks that were more exposed...
Swedish equity funds far from Paris Agreement target
17/04/2023 -Cristina Cella, an advisor at the Riksbank, has examined the temperature alignments of 122 Swedish equity funds in a new Staff Memo. The results suggest that the funds in the sample on average are aligned to a temperature increase of 2.77 °C,...
Swedish equity funds can do more to help with the climate transition
03/10/2022 -Swedish equity funds that have joined a climate initiative have on average reduced the carbon dioxide emissions in their portfolios more actively than those that have not joined an initiative. However, there is little evidence that funds that...
Cryptoassets may entail risks to the financial system
19/05/2022 -Fintech contributes innovation and development in the financial system, but can also present challenges for authorities and risks to the financial system, particularly with regard to cryptoassets. As fintech and cryptoassets have increased in...