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How does the green transition affect the neutral interest rate?
23/06/2025 -In a new staff memo, two economists at the Riksbank’s Monetary Policy Department analyse how the green transition can affect the neutral interest rate, in a model consisting of a green sector and a fossil-based sector, along with an...
Major companies behind growing foreign trade in services
25/03/2025 -Swedish exports and imports of services have steadily increased as a share of GDP in recent decades. Moreover, the growth rate has accelerated and risen sharply since 2019. A small number of multinational companies are behind the development.
Payment services cheaper and more profitable for the banks
11/03/2024 -Digitalisation has reduced banks' costs for payment services. For example, their costs for handling cash have decreased by almost SEK 3 billion in 2021 compared to 2009. Together with the increase in digital payments, this has made payment...
Import prices, labour costs and profits – what role have they played in inflation dynamics?
29/09/2023 -What is the significance of rising prices on imported goods and services, and what role have corporate profits and labour costs played in inflation dynamics?...
New Staff Memo: Buy now, pay later – a threat to financial stability?
05/09/2023 -Buy now, pay later (BNPL) is a payment option that has grown significantly in recent years. Nanna Svahn, senior economist at the Financial Stability Department, has therefore analysed the potential threats to financial stability posed by the...
Staff memo: Better access to data on emissions is needed
19/02/2025 -Banks have relatively small loans to the sectors that emit substantial amounts of greenhouse gases, so there is little to indicate that the introduction of a cost for emissions would have a major impact on Sweden's financial system. But the...
The cost of cross-border payments is not in line with G20 targets
27/02/2025 -The G20 has set a target that cross-border payments should cost a maximum of 1 per cent and 3 per cent depending on the type of payment made. The cross-border payments currently offered by the major Swedish banks cost considerably more than this...
Staff Memo: The problems with an ageing population can have a greater impact on forecasts
19/02/2025 -Ageing populations will hold back economic growth in many countries in the coming decades - Sweden is no exception. Demographics are already a factor in the Riksbank's forecasting, but major changes are now expected in a relatively short time.
Swedish equity funds far from Paris Agreement target
17/04/2023 -Cristina Cella, an advisor at the Riksbank, has examined the temperature alignments of 122 Swedish equity funds in a new Staff Memo. The results suggest that the funds in the sample on average are aligned to a temperature increase of 2.77 °C,...
Alternative measures of labour market slack improve the analysis of inflation
08/11/2022 -Can alternative, more disaggregated measures of labour market slack improve inflation forecasts? Caroline Flodberg, Marie Hesselman and Mårten Löf investigate this issue in a Staff memo.