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Payment services cheaper and more profitable for the banks
11/03/2024 -Digitalisation has reduced banks' costs for payment services. For example, their costs for handling cash have decreased by almost SEK 3 billion in 2021 compared to 2009. Together with the increase in digital payments, this has made payment...
The negative policy rate – how has it affected market rates?
22/01/2019 -The negative policy rate has had a strong pass-through to bond market yields and lending rates to firms. Lending rates to households have also fallen, although the initial pass-through was weaker. To sum up, negative policy rates have contributed...
A newly developed approach to stress testing banks’ credit losses from corporate lending
14/11/2022 -Stress tests are important when assessing the resilience of Swedish banks to different scenarios in which economic conditions deteriorate. A new Staff Memo describes a newly developed approach to stress testing banks' credit losses from...
Does inflation rise when the policy rate is raised?
12/01/2024 -Although there is broad consensus that inflation falls when the central bank raises its policy rate, there are mechanisms and channels that may lead to the opposite effect. For example, interest rates also represent a cost for households and...
Changes in credit assessments may amplify economic fluctuations
12/06/2024 -When a lender conducts a credit assessment, it involves evaluating a borrower's ability to service a new loan. In a new staff memo, simple calculations show that changes in credit assessment components can have a significant impact on...
The private equity industry is large, international and opaque
06/02/2025 -From an international standpoint, the Swedish private equity industry is notable for having relatively large private equity firms that manage capital from international investors. Analysis in a new Staff Memo shows that the private equity...
Better forecasting with AI-based models
02/04/2025 -AI-based models outperform traditional time series models in forecasting Swedish GDP and inflation. This is according to a survey conducted by economists at the Riksbank's Monetary Policy Department.
Major companies behind growing foreign trade in services
25/03/2025 -Swedish exports and imports of services have steadily increased as a share of GDP in recent decades. Moreover, the growth rate has accelerated and risen sharply since 2019. A small number of multinational companies are behind the development.
New Staff Memo: Buy now, pay later – a threat to financial stability?
05/09/2023 -Buy now, pay later (BNPL) is a payment option that has grown significantly in recent years. Nanna Svahn, senior economist at the Financial Stability Department, has therefore analysed the potential threats to financial stability posed by the...
Staff memo: Better access to data on emissions is needed
19/02/2025 -Banks have relatively small loans to the sectors that emit substantial amounts of greenhouse gases, so there is little to indicate that the introduction of a cost for emissions would have a major impact on Sweden's financial system. But the...