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A newly developed approach to stress testing banks’ credit losses from corporate lending
14/11/2022 -Stress tests are important when assessing the resilience of Swedish banks to different scenarios in which economic conditions deteriorate. A new Staff Memo describes a newly developed approach to stress testing banks' credit losses from...
A central bank can conduct an effective monetary policy with low equity
12/12/2022 -Neither weak financial results nor low equity limit the short-term prospects of monetary policy. Central banks, unlike private banks and other commercial activities, are not at risk of bankruptcy and can normally generate the resources they need...
The private equity industry is large, international and opaque
06/02/2025 -From an international standpoint, the Swedish private equity industry is notable for having relatively large private equity firms that manage capital from international investors. Analysis in a new Staff Memo shows that the private equity...
Staff Memo: Effects of monetary policy in small open economies
01/06/2026 -Inflation targeting has now been conducted in many small open economies, such as Sweden’s, for around three decades. A new staff memo analyses the impact of monetary policy on GDP, unemployment, inflation and exchange rates in ten countries with...
Margins are central to manage counterparty risks, but can create liquidity risks
15/05/2025 -Margin is a key tool for managing counterparty risk in transactions involving derivative contracts. The use of margins and clearing at central counterparties (CCPs) are important keys to reducing contagion risks among derivatives market...
Staff memo: How banks' mortgage rates are affected when the policy rate changes
24/04/2025 -How quickly and how much are the banks' mortgage rates adjusted when the Riksbank changes the policy rate? Does this pattern change when the policy rate is negative? This is analysed in a new study based on high-frequency data from Swedish banks...
Better forecasting with AI-based models
02/04/2025 -AI-based models outperform traditional time series models in forecasting Swedish GDP and inflation. This is according to a survey conducted by economists at the Riksbank's Monetary Policy Department.
Energy price shocks had profound effects on Sweden's consumption patterns
23/04/2025 -In recent years, spending by individuals in Sweden has fluctuated a lot. Since 2022 these fluctuations can be linked to the large shock in the price of energy that followed cuts in the inflow of energy from Russia to Europe in the aftermath of...
Staff Memo: Monetary-fiscal interactions when Ricardian equivalence fails
20/04/2026 -When Ricardian equivalence applies, the interaction between monetary and fiscal policy is limited. However, when the equivalence is broken, for example due to household liquidity constraints or fiscal dominance, a clear pattern emerges. Supply...
Staff memo: Better access to data on emissions is needed
19/02/2025 -Banks have relatively small loans to the sectors that emit substantial amounts of greenhouse gases, so there is little to indicate that the introduction of a cost for emissions would have a major impact on Sweden's financial system. But the...