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Zombie firms in Sweden do not constitute a threat to either financial stability or economic growth
29/09/2020 -In most developed countries, there has been an increase in economically weak companies, known as “zombie firms”. Cristina Cella has studied Swedish zombie firms. Her analysis shows that zombie firms have not increased dramatically in Sweden over...
Staff memo: Better access to data on emissions is needed
19/02/2025 -Banks have relatively small loans to the sectors that emit substantial amounts of greenhouse gases, so there is little to indicate that the introduction of a cost for emissions would have a major impact on Sweden's financial system. But the...
Major companies behind growing foreign trade in services
25/03/2025 -Swedish exports and imports of services have steadily increased as a share of GDP in recent decades. Moreover, the growth rate has accelerated and risen sharply since 2019. A small number of multinational companies are behind the development.
New Staff Memo: Buy now, pay later – a threat to financial stability?
05/09/2023 -Buy now, pay later (BNPL) is a payment option that has grown significantly in recent years. Nanna Svahn, senior economist at the Financial Stability Department, has therefore analysed the potential threats to financial stability posed by the...
High and rising financial vulnerabilities can have an impact on future economic growth
07/06/2022 -High and rapidly rising financial risks and vulnerabilities pose a greater risk of strongly negative economic growth in the future. This is illustrated by the Riksbank’s latest analysis of the Growth-at-Risk (GaR) risk measure. The Staff Memo “...
Staff Memo: The problems with an ageing population can have a greater impact on forecasts
19/02/2025 -Ageing populations will hold back economic growth in many countries in the coming decades - Sweden is no exception. Demographics are already a factor in the Riksbank's forecasting, but major changes are now expected in a relatively short time.
The money market is central to the implementation of monetary policy
21/08/2024 -In a new staff memo, the authors show that interest rates in the money market were affected in the way that could be expected when the Riksbank raised the policy rate in 2022 and 2023. The staff memo also illustrates transaction patterns,...
New Staff Memo: SWESTR’s design is robust
23/05/2023 -Compared to the current design of SWESTR, a number of alternative designs have a very small impact on the average level and volatility of the reference rate. This is indicated by the analysis in a new Staff Memo by David Petersson and Ingrid...
Swedish exports to the USA - which sectors are most affected by higher tariffs?
30/05/2025 -The Swedish economy is closely linked to the United States, both directly and through global value chains, and Swedish exports to the United States have increased in recent years. The United States is Sweden's third largest destination for...
Swedish net exports are largely made up of goods that have been produced abroad
17/01/2018 -The authors of a new staff memo show that Sweden's current account surplus is no longer due to the traditional trade in goods. Instead, it is what is known as merchanting, the trade margin that arises between the purchase price and the sale...