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Does inflation rise when the policy rate is raised?
12/01/2024 -Although there is broad consensus that inflation falls when the central bank raises its policy rate, there are mechanisms and channels that may lead to the opposite effect. For example, interest rates also represent a cost for households and...
A newly developed approach to stress testing banks’ credit losses from corporate lending
14/11/2022 -Stress tests are important when assessing the resilience of Swedish banks to different scenarios in which economic conditions deteriorate. A new Staff Memo describes a newly developed approach to stress testing banks' credit losses from...
Market for corporate bonds still vulnerable
08/10/2020 -The corporate bond market has been hit particularly hard by the coronavirus pandemic in both Sweden and other countries. In this Staff Memo, the author provides a detailed picture of the events in March 2020 and onwards and highlights possible...
Slowdown in foreign trade worrying for Swedish economy
22/05/2020 -Global trade has increased rapidly since the early 1990s, thanks to technological developments and increasingly liberal trade regulations. But, after the great recession of 2008–2009, this development has come to a halt. A return to a global...
Swedish net exports are largely made up of goods that have been produced abroad
17/01/2018 -The authors of a new staff memo show that Sweden's current account surplus is no longer due to the traditional trade in goods. Instead, it is what is known as merchanting, the trade margin that arises between the purchase price and the sale...
Drivers and implications of the strong growth in consumption loans
15/01/2018 -Over the last year, the growth rate of consumption loans has increased sharply, from less than 3 per cent per year in mid-2016 to above 8 per cent in recent months. This development may increase the vulnerability of households to disturbances in...
The negative policy rate – how has it affected market rates?
22/01/2019 -The negative policy rate has had a strong pass-through to bond market yields and lending rates to firms. Lending rates to households have also fallen, although the initial pass-through was weaker. To sum up, negative policy rates have contributed...
Difficult to compare consumer price indices between countries
24/01/2020 -Consumer price indices and inflation rates can vary between different countries, due in part to data being collected and processed in different ways. This is important to bear in mind when comparing measurements of consumer prices in different...
How does the green transition affect the neutral interest rate?
23/06/2025 -In a new staff memo, two economists at the Riksbank’s Monetary Policy Department analyse how the green transition can affect the neutral interest rate, in a model consisting of a green sector and a fossil-based sector, along with an...
New indicator for risks and vulnerabilities in the Swedish financial system
28/05/2020 -A new indicator of risks and vulnerabilities in the Swedish financial system – the systemic risk indicator – is presented in a new Staff Memo. The indicator shall primarily be used to measure and illustrate risks and vulnerabilities that can...