In this section, we highlight some of the factors we discussed earlier that may shed light on the developments in recent years when inflation rose sharply in 2021 and 2022. We focus on four themes: (1) the importance of inflation for economic decisions, (2) household savings during and after the pandemic, (3) developments in the Swedish housing market and (4) monetary policy decision-making. Looking ahead, we also discuss the possibility of long-term effects of high inflation.