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Interest rates and exchange rates
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Search interest rates and exchange rates
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The reference rate (pursuant to the Interest Act)
Retrieving interest rates and exchange rates via API
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FAQ – The API for interest rates and exchange rates
Series for the API
Explanations – interest rates and exchange rates
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Frequently asked questions about exchange rates
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Riksbank rates
Swedish market rates
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STIBOR
International market rates
Effective exchange rate index
SWESTR
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Search SWESTR data
Calculation method and transaction dataset
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Data source for SWESTR
Report on the transaction dataset for SWESTR
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SWESTR average rates and index
Governance
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Oversight
The Riksbank's role as administrator of SWESTR
For reporting agencies
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FAQs about reporting
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Collecting SWESTR via API
SWESTR Advisory Group
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Annual report on SWESTR
Background
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Financial Market Statistics
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List of Swedish Monetary Financial Institutions
Balance of payments statistics
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FI Market
FX Market
IRD Market
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SELMA-reporting
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Questions and answers
Statistics on payments
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For reporting agents
Statistics on banknotes and coins
Statistics on payments in RIX-RTGS
Payment habits of Swedish people
Riksbank's balance sheet
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The Riksbank's assets and liabilities, the Weekly Report
Official reserve assets (weekly report)
International Reserve and Foreign Currency Liquidity
The Riksbank's accounting principles
The framework for the Riksbank's equity in the Sveriges Riksbank Act
Published about the Riksbank’s balance sheet
Macro indicators and forecasts
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Forecasts and outcomes
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Retrieving forecasts and outcomes via API
Underlying inflation
Resource utilisation indicator
CPIF sub-groups
Statistics portals at other authorities
Historical Monetary Statistics of Sweden
International banking statistics
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Swedish banking groups
Swedish banking sector
More information
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Payments & cash
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Payments Report
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Payments Report 2026
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The Riksbank’s responsibility for payments
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The Riksbank’s mandate in the area of payments
The following objectives guide the Riksbank’s work on payments
The Riksbank’s role in the payments market
Summary and recommendations
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Everyone must be able to pay
The payments market needs to become even safer and more resilient
More new options needed in the payments market
Developments in the payments market
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Payment habits in Sweden
Small businesses’ views on payments
Modernising the payments market
New services in the payments market
New forms of money are being developed
Geopolitical uncertainty is leading to regionalisation
How safe, efficient and accessible are payments?
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Collaboration makes the payment system resilient
The payments infrastructure works well
Instant payments are efficient but the supply is limited and they come with risks that need to be managed
Payments between Nordic countries are not sufficiently efficient
Continued challenges for cash
More people should have access to a payment account
Important to be able to pay with simple payment methods at reasonable prices
Difficult to help others with payments
Government e-identification as an alternative to BankID for payments is positive
The payments market is generally safe but fraud and money laundering are problems
The Riksbank’s policy recommendations
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The Riksbank’s recommendations
There must be payment methods for everyone
Access to cash services needs to be improved
A limit of SEK 10,000 should be introduced for cash purchases in the retail sector
Households should have multiple payment methods so that they can pay in the event of disruptions, for example SEK 1,000 in cash per adult
The possibility to pay offline should be extended
Payment service providers should offer more services for instant payments
Payments between countries need to be cheaper and faster
Recommendation for Riksdag and Government to set up an inquiry on an e-krona
Article – Money in transition – traditional and new forms
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Money in bank accounts is the most common form of money
E-money is another form of regulated private money
Central bank reserves play an important role in the payment system
Retail CBDC – a whole new kind of money
Stablecoins – a type of crypto-asset that has become regulated private money
Tokenisation of money and assets
Annex: Numerical data
Payments Report 2025
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Trends on the payments market
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The Swedish payments market is almost entirely digital
Small businesses' views on payments
Many small retail businesses have stopped accepting cash
Global trends in the payments market
Safety, efficiency and accessibility
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Are payments in Sweden safe?
Are payments in Sweden efficient?
Are payments in Sweden accessible?
The Riksbank's work and recommendations
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The public's ability to pay in times of crisis and states of heightened alert needs to be strengthened
Everyone shall be able to pay
Future payments infrastructure needs to evolve
The RIX payments system needs to be able to handle future challenges
The future of the digital euro affects work on the e-krona
Annex: Numerical data
Payments Report 2024
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Trends in the payments market
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Payment habits in Sweden
Cash is rarely used and the supply of cash services is decreasing
Transfers abroad are perceived as safe but expensive
The digitalisation of payments is a global trend
Safety, efficiency and accessibility
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Are payments in Sweden safe?
Are payments in Sweden efficient?
Are payments in Sweden accessible?
The Riksbank’s work and policy
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Everyone must be able to pay
Payments should work even in crisis and war
Modernisation of the payment infrastructure necessary
More measures needed to protect cash
Work on the e-krona continues
Payments Report 2022
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Trends on the payment market
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In Sweden, we prefer to pay digitally
Paying by mobile phone is popular
Payments in stores are rarely made in cash
Difficult for many to pay digitally
One in ten sends money abroad
Safety and efficiency
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Are payments in Sweden safe?
Are payments in Sweden efficient?
The Riksbank’s work and policy
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The Riksbank is modernising its systems
The Riksbank gets clearer responsibility for cash
The Riksbank is making preparations for a possible e-krona
The Riksbank is working to improve cross-border payments
The Riksbank contributes to increased resilience
Payments Report 2021
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1. Trends on the payment market
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Pandemic hastening development towards digital payments
New opportunities and challenges with money in new forms
International harmonisation affects Sweden
2. Safety and efficiency
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Are payments in Sweden safe?
Are payments efficient?
3. The Riksbank's work and policy
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RIX further developed to meet future needs
The position of cash as legal tender needs strengthening
Test of technical solution for an e-krona
The Riksbank is actively participating in the international cooperation
Glossary
Payments in Sweden 2020
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1. The payment market is being digitalised
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The coronavirus pandemic has affected how people in Sweden and abroad are making payments
Many people make payments by mobile, for example with Swish
Cash is losing ground
Cash free – not problem-free
Why are people in Sweden no longer using cash?
2. Swedish payments are secure and efficient
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Are payments in Sweden secure?
Are payments in Sweden efficient?
Fintech brings new solutions for the payment market
International payments need to be improved
3. The Riksbank is adapting to a changing world
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Swedish banknotes and coins – the Riksbank's new responsibility for cash handling
Payments in crisis situations and under heightened alert
Swedish payments to be integrated internationally
Digital money – the Riksbank’s e-krona pilot
International cooperation on central bank digital currency
Payments in Sweden 2019
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The payment market is being digitalised
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Key drivers and trends
Cash use in constant decline
More common to pay by mobile phone app (Swish)
Card payments still dominate
Cryptocurrencies are not normal money
Swedish payments are secure and efficient
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Security in Sweden is high from an international perspective
Digitalisation makes payments more efficient
International payments need to be streamlined
The Riksbank is adapting to the digital world
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Rapid payments require innovation
Digital cash: the e-krona project
The Riksbank intends to use TIPS
Government inquiry into the digital payment market
Strengthened preparedness in the financial sector
The Riksbank’s responsibility for payments
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Cash management offices
The retail payments council
Infrastructure Council for Payments and Securities
Payments and sustainability
Payment preparedness
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Recommendations to the general public
Offline payments
Collaboration in civil preparedness for payments
Regulations and planning conditions
What is money?
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How much money is there in the economy?
What are stablecoins?
How payments work
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The flow of cash
Notes & coins
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Notes
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Valid banknotes
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20-krona banknote
50-krona banknote
100-krona banknote
200-krona banknote
500-krona banknote
1000-krona banknote
Invalid banknotes
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Invalid 20-krona banknote
Invalid 50-krona banknote
Invalid 100-krona banknote
Invalid 500-krona banknote
Invalid 1000-krona banknote
Banknotes that became invalid prior to 2016
Security features
Redeeming invalid banknotes
Redeeming damaged and discoloured banknotes
Security ink dyed banknotes
Design of the banknotes
Coins
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Valid coins
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1-krona coin
2-krona coin
5-krona coin
10-krona coin
Invalid coins
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Invalid 1-krona coin
Invalid 2-krona coin
Invalid 5-krona coin
Commemorative coins
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Redeeming damaged commemorative coins
Copying and advertising
Obligation for major banks to provide certain cash services
Banknote and coin changeover 2015-2017
Questions and answers
The RIX payment system
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Participating in RIX
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Participants in RIX
How to become a RIX participant
Price list
Collateral for credit from the Riksbank
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Eligible assets
Application for approval of securities
Conditions and instructions
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Instructions and system documentation RIX-RTGS
Instructions and system documentation RIX-INST
Statistics on payments
Ongoing studies and projects
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Instant cross-currency payments (TIPS X-CCY)
Study of the Riksbank’s future settlement service
Processing of personal data
E-krona
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E-krona reports
Published about e-krona
The e-krona pilot – test of technical solution for the e-krona
Dialogue forum on the e-krona
Digital central bank money internationally
Difference between e-krona and crypto-assets
Monetary policy
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Monetary policy decisions
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Monetary Policy Reports and Updates
Monetary policy decision documents
In-depth analysis in the Monetary Policy Reports
Minutes of the Executive Board's monetary policy meetings
The inflation target
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What is inflation?
How is inflation measured?
History of the inflation target
Current inflation rate
What is monetary policy?
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What is the policy rate?
What is the policy rate forecast?
How monetary policy affects inflation
The importance of international developments for monetary policy
Evaluation of monetary policy
Complementary monetary policy measures
The path to a monetary policy decision
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Voting by the Executive Board
The Riksbank makes forecasts
How a monetary policy decision is implemented
Monetary policy and sustainability
Financial stability
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The Riksbank’s responsibility with regard to financial stability
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Preventing financial crises
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Collecting information
Continuous analysis and monitoring
Communication to contribute to the stability and efficiency of the financial system
Financial regulations
The Riksbank’s work on cyber risks
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TIBER and DORA TLPT
Managing a financial crisis
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General liquidity support
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Offering credits
Entering into repurchasing agreements
Buying and selling financial instruments
Emergency liquidity assistance
Currency swap agreements
Climate change and financial stability risks
Financial Stability Report
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Articles in the Financial Stability Report
The countercyclical capital buffer
The financial system
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The financial infrastructure
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Oversight of the financial infrastructure
Systems in the financial infrastructure
Harmonisation of the financial infrastructure
The banking system
Financial Stability Council
Markets
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The role of the Riksbank in financial markets
Riksbank rates
Operational framework for the implementation of monetary policy
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Monetary policy instruments
Counterparties
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Monetary policy counterparties
How to become a monetary policy counterparty
Conditions and instructions
Reporting
Counterparties in Foreign Exchange Transactions
Counterparties with Access to Special Facilities for Central Counterparties (CCP)
Collateral
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Eligible assets
Application for approval of securities
Development of the liquidity surplus
Market operations
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Riksbank Certificates
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Auction terms
Auction results
Deviating auction dates
Historical data - Riksbank Certificates
Buybacks
Sale of government bonds
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Auction announcements
Auction results
Auction calendar
Monetary policy repos - historical data
Securities holdings in SEK
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Corporate bonds
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Holdings of corporate bonds - per bond
List of transactions for corporate bonds
Carbon footprint of the holdings of corporate bonds
Municipal bonds
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Holdings of municipal bonds - per obligation
List of transactions for municipal bonds
Government bonds
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Holdings of government bonds - per bond
List of transactions for government bonds
The carbon footprint of the Riksbank's holdings of government bonds
Treasury bills
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Holdings of treasury bills - per bill
List of transactions for treasury bills
Covered bonds
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Holdings of covered bonds - per bond
List of transactions for purchases of covered bonds
Riksbank’s balance sheet
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The Riksbank's assets and liabilities, the Weekly Report
Official reserve assets (weekly report)
International Reserve and Foreign Currency Liquidity
The Riksbank's accounting principles
The framework for the Riksbank's equity in the Sveriges Riksbank Act
Published about the Riksbank’s balance sheet
Interest-free deposits (deposit requirement)
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For credit institutions subject to the deposit requirement
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List of credit institutions
How a deposit is made
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If you are not a RIX-RTGS participant
If you are a RIX-RTGS participant
Templates for paying agents
How the deposit requirement is calculated
How the deposit base is calculated
The gold and foreign currency reserve
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The gold reserve
The foreign currency reserve
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The carbon footprint of the foreign exchange reserves
Hedging of foreign exchange reserves
Nordic Countries Foreign Exchange Committee
