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Difficult to make forecasts when conditions change drastically
19/01/2024 -Neither the central banks nor other forecasters predicted how quickly inflation would rise in 2021 and 2022, and inflation forecasts accordingly showed major forecasting errors. The Riksbank's forecasting ability for 2021 was good. In 2022 it...
Settlement of money and securities in central bank money reduces risk
20/02/2024 -In times of change, it is important that the actors in the financial system work to provide safe systems for the settlement of money and securities. Lena Wiberg writes in a new Economic Commentary that one way of reducing risks in settlement is...
Money and legislation need to be adapted to digitalisation
15/10/2020 -The Riksbank has the task of ensuring that payments can be made safely and efficiently and that the krona retains its value. For this to be possible, cash needs to be both protected and supplemented with a digital alternative. The right...
Rising sea levels increase the risk to housing
03/11/2020 -Climate change will cause sea levels to rise. Housing located close to Sweden’s coastline will then become more vulnerable to extreme weather and flooding. This could, in turn, have consequences for financial stability.
Market for green bonds in Sweden growing rapidly
15/12/2020 -In recent years, the market for green bonds has grown significantly and in Sweden the market is large, in an international perspective. It is therefore important, from a financial stability perspective, that the Riksbank should understand and...
How can increased uncertainty affect the economy?
13/05/2025 -Various measures of uncertainty have risen to historically high levels in early 2025. Based on a number of different empirical studies, Hans Dellmo of the Riksbank's Monetary Policy Department discusses how this uncertainty can affect the...
Cyber attacks have the potential to threaten financial stability
19/05/2021 -Cyber attacks may affect financial stability and pose a systemic risk. Even in cases where the direct impact of the attack is limited, negative knock-on effects can spread further in the financial system and have serious consequences, for example...
The development of risk premiums on covered bonds during the coronavirus pandemic
08/11/2021 -In this Economic Commentary, the author examines how yields on covered bonds, also commonly known as mortgage bonds, developed during the coronavirus pandemic until the beginning of the summer of this year. Like all market rates, these yields...
How would the Swedish economy be affected by a fiscal tightening in the USA?
23/10/2025 -The US federal government’s debt-to-GDP ratio is close to historically high levels and many analysts say that this development is not sustainable. This Economic Commentary estimates the impact on the Swedish economy in a hypothetical scenario...