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The Business Survey indicator reflects GDP growth well
27/10/2023 -The Business Survey indicator reflects GDP growth well As a first step to examine whether the Business Survey indicator can be used as a measure of economic activity, the correlation between the indicator and GDP growth was calculated.
Concluding comments
27/10/2023 -Concluding comments This Economic Commentary has presented a new indicator of economic activity. Using principal component analysis, eleven time series from the Riksbank's Business Survey have been weighted together into one indicator. The...
References
27/10/2023 -References Brander, Anna, Henriette Brekke, Bjorn E. Naug and Fredrikke Eger (2017), “Evaluation of the regional network”, Staff memo, No 3, Norges Bank. Chamberlin, Graeme (2007), “Forecasting GDP using external data sources”, Economic & Labour...
Payments cost – but the costs vary
23/03/2023 -Payments cost – but the costs vary...
Payments consume a lot of social resources
23/03/2023 -Payments consume a lot of social resources In 2021, around 6 billion payments were made in Sweden.[3] See the Riksbank's payment statistics for 2021. Transactions between financial companies are not included in the statistics. These payments have...
The cost to society can be reduced
23/03/2023 -The cost to society can be reduced In Sweden, more than 95 per cent of payments are digital. There is therefore potential to reduce the social resources spent on payments by making greater use of the most cost-efficient ways of making digital...
References
23/03/2023 -References The Riksbank (2023). Cost of Payments in Sweden 2021, Riksbank Studies, No. 1, March 2023. Bergman, M., G. Guibourg and B. Segendorf (2007). The Cost of Paying – Private and Social Costs of Cash and Card Payments, Sveriges Riksbank...
Introduction
20/12/2022 -Introduction Since 2021, inflation has risen and monetary policy has been tightened in many countries, as central banks have both increased their policy rates and reduced their holdings of financial assets. For example, the Riksbank has raised...
Measuring the effects of monetary policy on the economy
20/12/2022 -Measuring the effects of monetary policy on the economy How to measure the effects of monetary policy on the economy is a much-discussed issue in economics. It is difficult as monetary policy is not conducted independently of economic...
How is inflation affected by changes in monetary policy?
20/12/2022 -How is inflation affected by changes in monetary policy? Figure 1 shows how an unexpected "exogenous" increase in the policy rate affects inflation and GDP in two macroeconomic models adapted to Swedish conditions: the Riksbank's model Maja and...