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The money market is central to the implementation of monetary policy
21/08/2024 -In a new staff memo, the authors show that interest rates in the money market were affected in the way that could be expected when the Riksbank raised the policy rate in 2022 and 2023. The staff memo also illustrates transaction patterns,...
Major companies behind growing foreign trade in services
25/03/2025 -Swedish exports and imports of services have steadily increased as a share of GDP in recent decades. Moreover, the growth rate has accelerated and risen sharply since 2019. A small number of multinational companies are behind the development.
The cost of cross-border payments is not in line with G20 targets
27/02/2025 -The G20 has set a target that cross-border payments should cost a maximum of 1 per cent and 3 per cent depending on the type of payment made. The cross-border payments currently offered by the major Swedish banks cost considerably more than this...
How does the green transition affect the neutral interest rate?
23/06/2025 -In a new staff memo, two economists at the Riksbank’s Monetary Policy Department analyse how the green transition can affect the neutral interest rate, in a model consisting of a green sector and a fossil-based sector, along with an...
Higher growth leads to lower unemployment, but impact depends on labour market structure
28/11/2025 -When GDP rises, unemployment falls, with the strongest effect after about a year. A new analysis of all regions in Sweden for the years 2000-2023 shows that the classic so-called Okun’s law also applies at regional level. However, the analysis...
Staff Memo: Monetary-fiscal interactions when Ricardian equivalence fails
20/04/2026 -When Ricardian equivalence applies, the interaction between monetary and fiscal policy is limited. However, when the equivalence is broken, for example due to household liquidity constraints or fiscal dominance, a clear pattern emerges. Supply...
Geopolitical risk affected the banks’ lending
30/06/2026 -Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Swedish banks increased their lending to companies. At the same time, lending was redirected away from energy-intensive and financially weak companies. Furthermore, banks that were more exposed...
Payment services cheaper and more profitable for the banks
11/03/2024 -Digitalisation has reduced banks' costs for payment services. For example, their costs for handling cash have decreased by almost SEK 3 billion in 2021 compared to 2009. Together with the increase in digital payments, this has made payment...
Import prices, labour costs and profits – what role have they played in inflation dynamics?
29/09/2023 -What is the significance of rising prices on imported goods and services, and what role have corporate profits and labour costs played in inflation dynamics?...
New mapping of the investment fund sector's cross-border links
08/08/2023 -A new Staff Memo has for the first time mapped the Swedish cross-border links generated by the investment portfolios of the rapidly growing investment fund sector. The author, Samantha Myers, senior economist at the Financial stability...