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Developments in Sweden differ from those in other countries

07/11/2019 -

The amount of cash in circulation in Sweden has halved since 2007. This trend is unique to Sweden, even though Norway is also on a low level. In contrast, cash volumes are increasing in most other countries. A simple way of comparing cash volumes...

Payments & cash / Payments Report

Most payments are card payments

07/11/2019 -

In terms of number of payments, card payments are totally dominant in Sweden. In total, about six billion payments were made in 2018, which is the equivalent of two payments per person per day. In most cases, payments were made by card, about 60...

Payments & cash / Payments Report

Second-generation cryptocurrencies may work better

07/11/2019 -

“Stablecoins” are cryptoassets that are constructed in order to maintain a more stable value. There are two main types. The first type is “algorithm-based” stablecoins, the value of which is kept stable by adapting the volume of stablecoins...

Payments & cash / Payments Report

Andreas Westermark

06/02/2025 -

Short bio Andreas Westermark obtained his PhD at the University of Rochester in 1999. After graduation Andreas spent time as a post-doc at the Department of Economics at Uppsala University and joined the research department at Sveriges Riksbank...

About the Riksbank / Tasks and operations

Roberto Billi

24/01/2025 -

Personal website: http://www.rmbilli.com Education Ph.D. in Economics, summa cum laude, Goethe University Frankfurt, 2005 Publications Optimal Monetary Policy with r*<0, with Jordi Galí and Anton Nakov, Journal of Monetary Economics, 2024,...

About the Riksbank / Tasks and operations

Joachim Jungherr

13/11/2025 -

Short bio Joachim joined the Research Division in October 2025. Before joining the Riksbank, he worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Bonn (Germany) and previously at the Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica (CSIC) and the Barcelona...

About the Riksbank / Tasks and operations

Lauren Cohen, Harvard Business School

21/02/2018 -

Buying the Verdict...

About the Riksbank / Tasks and operations

Gauti B. Eggertsson, Brown University

16/05/2018 -

Are Negative Nominal Interest Rates Expansionary?...

About the Riksbank / Tasks and operations

Martin Bodenstein, Federal Reserve Board

16/05/2018 -

Employment, Wages and Optimal Monetary Policy...

About the Riksbank / Tasks and operations

Jon Danielsson, London School of Economics

05/07/2018 -

Learning from History: Volatility and Financial Crises...

About the Riksbank / Tasks and operations