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Minor decrease of Sweden's GDP in NGFS climate scenarios
03/12/2021 -In 2021, the global sustainability network known as the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) published a number of scenarios for climate change and economic developments. Among other things, the scenarios show that the economic cost...
How a monetary policy decision is made
07/04/2022 -The coronavirus crisis has tested the flexibility of the Riksbank's decision-making with regard to monetary policy. But essentially, the preparation process is the same now as prior to the crisis. In an Economic Commentary, Maria Sjödin, adviser...
The Riksbank expands its reporting of climate-related information
12/04/2022 -The Riksbank starts publishing the carbon footprint of the assets in the foreign exchange reserves. The carbon footprint of the Riksbank’s foreign exchange reserves was 298,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents per billion dollars of GDP on...
Cyber attacks have the potential to threaten financial stability
19/05/2021 -Cyber attacks may affect financial stability and pose a systemic risk. Even in cases where the direct impact of the attack is limited, negative knock-on effects can spread further in the financial system and have serious consequences, for example...
Measures for a more effective scrutiny of the Riksbank
08/06/2021 -There are several different ways of providing the Riksdag with increased opportunities for efficient scrutiny of the Riksbank, say Governor Stefan Ingves and Deputy Head of the General Secretariat Pernilla Meyersson in an Economic Commentary. A...
10 questions and answers about the distributional effects of monetary policy
09/06/2021 -How is the coronavirus crisis affecting the distribution of income in Sweden? Have the low interest rate and the Riksbank’s purchases of assets widened or narrowed the spread of incomes and wealth? What could happen if monetary policy tried to...
Banks can contribute to the climate transition
12/02/2025 -The banks have the opportunity to contribute to the green transition by steering their lending towards projects that favour sustainability. But a sufficient level of transparency is required to be able to follow the progress of banks' climate...
Changes in population composition will lead to slower labour force growth
07/11/2023 -Demographic changes in the coming years mean that both the labour force and employment are expected to grow more slowly than over the past decade. This is according to a study by Iida Häkkinen Skans and Pernilla Wasén, who work in the Monetary...
Interest rate adjustments have the fastest effect on consumption of durable goods
03/04/2025 -Changes in interest rates have broad effects on consumption, but affect different groups of goods differently. An Economic Commentary published by the Riksbank examines the sensitivity of different components of consumption to interest rates.
How can increased uncertainty affect the economy?
13/05/2025 -Various measures of uncertainty have risen to historically high levels in early 2025. Based on a number of different empirical studies, Hans Dellmo of the Riksbank's Monetary Policy Department discusses how this uncertainty can affect the...